基于工序的油藏经营工资制度简析

文章分析了现代油藏经营管理、现行工资制度的特点,探索基于工序的油藏经营工资制度,即基于工序的定额工资制度,以期逐步完善现有的油藏经营工资制度,更有效的激励员工,实现油藏效益与个人收益的紧密联系及最大化。     

刍议私营经济中经理阶层的工资问题

经理作为私营企业的管理者，同时也受私营业主的雇佣，其工资是管理劳动的价值表现。而管理劳动又属于生产性的劳动，虽然经理的工资是由管理劳动所决定的，但它还受到诸多因素的影响；由于各种管理劳动在生产中贡献的程度不同，因而整个经理阶层中的各种管理劳动所获的报酬具有很大的差异性。     

Malnutrition and Child Labor

In pre‐industrial and developing economies, it is common to find (i) entire families, including children, working together in family farms or urban factories; and (ii) a positive link between a person's consumption and her productivity. This paper argues that there is a natural reason for the concurrence of (i) and (ii). As a rule, households are characterized by intra‐household altruism: an increase in the income of an individual increases the consumption of all household members. Hence, when an employer pays an adult worker a high wage to enhance her productivity, part of it ends up augmenting her children's consumption and productivity. One way for the employer to prevent this leakage and internalize the externality is to employ the children as well. This explains the higher incidence of family labor in poor societies where (ii) is more likely to be true.     

Male–female wage discrimination in Chinese industryInvestigation using firm‐level data1

We use firm‐level data to analyze male–female wage discrimination in China's industry. We find that there is a significant negative association between wages and the share of female workers in a firm's labour force. However, we also find that the marginal productivity of female workers is significantly lower than that of male workers. Comparing wage gaps and productivity gaps between men and women, we notice an intriguing contrast between state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) and private firms. The wage gap is smaller than the productivity gap in SOEs, while the converse is true for private firms. These results suggest that women in the state sector receive wage premiums, whereas women in the private sector face wage discrimination.     

Continued decline for ethnic minorities in the transition?

Using three Bulgarian cross‐sectional household surveys from 1986, 1993 and 1997, this essay shows that the mean log wage differential between ethnic Bulgarians and Turks increased from 0.1615 in 1986 to 0.2874 in 1993 and again to 0.4075 by 1997. Bulgarian gains over ethnic Turks in the early transition are related to both changes in the relative returns to skill and changes in the composition of demand for goods and services as the country moved toward a market economy. The Turks began the transition with fewer years of education than the Bulgarians, and began to close the education gap over this time. The Bulgarians, however, were more likely to have obtained more general secondary and university degrees than the ethnic Turks – degrees that, in contrast to technical or vocational degrees, are experiencing increased remuneration in the transition. With more of an asset that has become more valuable, the ethnic Bulgarians improved their relative position.     

Investment and technological choice in a right-to-manage model

We analyze the interactions between investment and local wage bargaining in a putty-clay model where the investment decision commits the firm to a particular capital intensity. This technological precommitment is used strategically in order to manipulate the bargaining outcome. We show that this strategic behavior induces a nonmonotonic relationship between the capital and labor demands of the firm and most of its environmental parameters (e.g., the bargaining power of the union, its minimum wage requirement, the capital cost). The results we obtain in our putty-clay framework thus contradict several conclusions of the standard literature on wage bargaining and investment.     

End the minimum wage debate: Revise the concept itself

The debate over raising the minimum wage focuses on the wrong point. We should be trying to change the concept of minimum wage to one that reflects what it really is—an entry wage. The real issue in the minimum wage debate needs to be one of clarifying the underlying human/social purpose of the minimum wage concept.     

城市土地供应年期的合理确定

研究目的:探究如何合理确定城市土地的供应年期。研究方法:现象溯因法、逻辑分析法和对比分析法。研究结果:中国城市土地市场由于土地有偿供应方式的不同,存在出让年期和租赁年期两种模式。土地供应年期直接关系土地配置各方的利益问题,需根据国情和城市经济发展实际灵活确定其合理年限。研究结论:应从城市土地所有者的合法权益、城市土地使用者的合法权益、城市土地利用的社会效益三个角度来分析,灵活确定土地合理供应年期。     

我国农业用水利益相关者研究进展与展望

[目的]我国农业用水占全国总用水量的60%以上,农业是耗水大的产业,而农业用水的利用率低、浪费严重,是长期存在的问题。近年来逐渐聚焦利益相关者研究,希望通过探究农业用水系统中各利益相关者的互动行为,来提高改革效率、改善治理方式,从而实现水资源的高效利用。[方法]文章利用文献分析法,通过搜集国内农业用水利益相关者研究的相关文献,总结利益相关者界定、利益诉求确定和利益主体博弈上的研究成果,提炼研究方法,为未来的研究提供指导。[结果]该文总结已有文献中提出利益相关者共19个,并提出了各利益相关者在研究中出现的频次。利益相关者的研究方法主要运用了"Mitchell的评分法""文氏图法"和"利益相关者图解法"。[结论]目前,国内对于农业利益用水利益相关者的研究非常有限,存在主要问题包括:利益相关者理论单一、研究内容较为宏观、研究不够深入。在未来研究中可以实现多学科理论的结合,同时选择研究对象时可以更有针对性,研究更加深入。     

Precautionary Saving and Endogenous Labor Supply with and without Intertemporal Expected Utility

We analyze precautionary saving behavior in a framework with labor and nonlabor income risks, an endogenous supply of labor, and a representation of preferences that disentangles attitudes toward risk, attitudes toward intertemporal substitution, and ordinal preferences for consumption and leisure. This preference structure allows us to disentangle and to describe in an intuitive way the different forces that determine precautionary saving “in the small” and “in the large.”